A New Era of Frequency Standards and Optical Frequency Measurement

A New Era of Frequency Standards and Optical Frequency Measurement

Optical frequency standards and measurement

This paper celebrates the progress in optical frequency standards and measurement, won by the 40 years of dedicated work of world-wide teams working in frequency standards and frequency measurement. Amazingly, after this time interval, the field is now simply exploding with new measurements and major advances of convenience and precision, with the best fractional frequency stability and potenti...

Optical frequency standards and clocks

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Optical Frequency Standards and Measurements

We describe the performance characteristics and frequency measurements of two high-accuracy high-stability lasercooled atomic frequency standards. One is a 657-nm (456-THz) reference using magneto-optically trapped Ca atoms, and the other is a 282-nm (1064-THz) reference based on a single Hg ion confined in an RF-Paul trap. A femtosecond mode-locked laser combined with a nonlinear microstructur...

Optical Frequency Standards : Progress and Applications

A number of individual small advances, taken together, bring us to the beginning of a new domain of optical frequency stability, reproducibility, and measurement. Particular advances include the refinement of Noise-Immune Cavity-Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Molecular Spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS), especially by active control of the residual AM produced by a phase modulator, and by improvement of the...